Semantical history of spatial denomination in a lexical-phraseological system (early 17th – early 20th centuries): principles and techniques of analysis

In the article the semantical development of the word "zaimka" is analyzed. This word has been a part of the lexico-phaseological system of the Tomsk dialect during four hundred years of its existence. The change of the semantic structure of the polysemantic lexeme is presented as a chain of natural metonymy transferrings happened as a result of continuous changes in the structure of each of its sememes. The dialectics of the synchronic and diachronic aspects is shown in the article as the combination of the methods of analysis used and the driving of the dynamics of the semantic proc-esses research up to its modern condition.