National language and culture as objects of linguacultural studies

The article deals with the question of correlation between language and culture as objects of ethnolinguistics and linguacultural studies, the latter centers on a wider research of the content of culture of the definite ethnos, represented in words, rituals, symbols and which systematically describes the language picture of the world. The author studies the problem of cultural typology and differentiation of cultures from one another, underling that their specification determines as a rule the nature of a national culture. Thus, correlation between national language and national culture is analyzed as correlation between part and whole, though not symmetrical. The article observes the ethnolinguistic tradition of cultural studies (W. Humboldt, A. Sapir, N.I. Tolstoy, D.S. Lyhachev, etc.) and the linguacultural tradition of language and culture studies, represented by works of A. Wezbitskay, Yu.S. Stepanov, B.A. Uspensky, N.V. Telya. The author argues that linguacultural studies are closely connected with ethnolinguistics and cognitive linguistics, researching a new reality of language and culture in an anthropological aspect of language users’ competence as authors of speech cognition procedures.