The post-revolutionary poetry of V. Mayakovskiy is interpreted as an embodiment of primitivism poetics: life-asserting enthusiasm; exclusion of reflexion; simplified picture of the world; festive historical prospects; «weighty, rough and visible» imagery and form of a verse. The turn from futurism to primitivism is regarded as natural development of avant-gard principles as evolution from constructing the expression of forms to the strategy of lifebuilding. Appeal to the theory of naive art and examples of pictorial primitivism, as well as to the psychological characteristics of a poet’s personality makes it possible to find arguments confirming the status of V. Mayakovskiy’s agitational, civil and epic poetry of the 1920s as socialist primitivism.