Mongolian studies in China and Russia. Mongolian studies in China date back to the mid-20th
century, and it starts in Russia at the same time. Studies of the grammar of the Buryat (Ts. B. Tsydendambaev)
and Mongolian (Chingeltey) languages confirmed the identity of the fundamental,
constitutive signs of their order. There are two main parts in the derivative word in these languages:
the root (ijaγur) and the suffix (daγaburi), but there are no prefixes and infixes.
Suffixes have either a lexical or grammatical meaning or combine both values. It is noted that
the root morphemes are used as independent words, and the roots that are not used without any
suffixes are classified as non-independent. The order of morphemes in the derivative word
in Mongolian languages is represented by a chain, with the root in the beginning followed by the
word-formative suffix, inflectional suffix, and the inflectional finite suffix. The features of these
three principles of the derivational nest structure are illustrated by the example of a word with the
meaning «horse». Specificity of the structure of the word-building nest in Chinese Mongolian
studies (in the Dictionary of Root Words of the Old Mongolian Language) consists in the linear
arrangement of derived words (chain principle). The Russian Mongolology, following
Russiology, applies the step-by-step principle of the nest structure (the word-formation dictionary
of the Kalmyk language), Buryat linguistics proposes a cluster principle (D. Sh. Haranutova).
The peculiarity of this principle is that the primary non-derivative bases resemble the tree trunk
(or the top of the nest): branches come from the trunk, then sprouts come that gather into clusters
of derivatives. The derivatives are chain-wise fixed on the vertical axis as branches, and along the
horizontal axis – as bunches, depending on the degree of distance from the trunk (from the root
shoot).
Based on the comparative study of the principles of the structure of the word-building nest
in Mongolian languages, the authors came to the conclusion that the main principle must be recognized
as a step-by-step principle that can be supplemented with cluster principle. Emphasis is
placed on the need to accompany the elements of the nest with a brief interpretation in the original
language.
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Kharanutova D. Sh. Buryatskoe slovoobrazovanie: strukturno-semanticheskaya organizatsiya [Buryat word-formation: structural-semantic organization]. Abstract of Cand. philol. sci. diss. Ulan-Ude, 2012b, 40 p.
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Kharanutova D. Sh., Suseeva D. A., Onorbayan Ts. Mongol’skoe slovoobrazovanie: struktura i sposoby [The Mongolian word-formation: the structure and process]. Ulan-Ude, 2012, 261 p.
Tsydendambaev Ts. B. Grammaticheskie kategorii buryatskogo yazyka v istoriko-sravnite'lnom osveshchenii [Grammatical categories of the Buryat language in historical and comparative studies]. Moscow, Nauka, 1979, 148 p.
Tsydypov Ts. Ts. Buryaad kheleney morfologi [Morphology of the Buryat language]. Ulaan-Үde: Buryaaday nomoy kheblel, 1988, 188 p.
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