related to water transport
The paper concludes the series of publications on the origin and history of Russian, as well as
Russian-Siberian, words denoting ship (sea and river) and boats. The interest in this group of
words is that they represent the objects of material culture that played a very significant role in the Russian colonization of vast areas of the North and Siberia and outstanding geographical discoveries.
The whole set of arguments was based on both linguistic data and data relating to the relevant
realities (“Wörter und Sachen”).
This publication considers the names of not only ships and boats but also of their parts and the
objects related to the ship (station) localization, the names of the winds (especially important for
sailboats). The origin and main episodes of the historical geography of some Russian dialectal
words are clarified: дора (dora) ‘type of flat-bottomed boat’, бар (bar) ‘place in the sea where
the steamer stops’, бинéт (binét) ‘attachment of the sail’, беть (bet’) ‘the log that is laid across
the boat’, би́тис, би́тезь (bítis, bítez’) ‘a kind of wind on Baikal,’ матка (matka) ‘the compass
of an ancient type,’ ды́ня (dýnya) ‘the edge in the bottom of the boat’ etc. Brief generalizing considerations
are presented regarding a series of three papers as a whole. In particular, an attempt is
made to clarify the legacy of which colonization the words considered in these articles are. The
names коч (koch), бат (bat), вéтка (vétka), сойма (soyma), бýса (búsa), битис (bitis), беть
(bet’), дыня (dynya), матка (matka) are regarded as a legacy of North Russian colonization, at
the same time, most of these words (бат (bat), сойма (soyma), бýса (búsa), битис (bitis), беть
(bet’), дыня (dynya), матка (matka)) саn be the legacy of Novgorod colonization. The names
коч (koch) and сойма (soyma) denote ships that are characteristic primarily for Arctic navigation,
including the sea route to Siberia (Mangazeya sea passage), i.e., they correspond to the Northern
nautical route to Siberia.
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